International Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences and Research

Exploring the Diverse Roles of Exosomes: Implications in Health and Disease

Shivangi Srivastava1, Bhavna Sharma2, Sunaina Chaurasia3*

Abstract: In the intracellular communication, the healthy cells release the exosome on it upon activation and prevalent role in proper functioning of immune system. These exosomes are very much essential normal physiological system, however in diseased conditions these exosome act asactivators of cellular damage and cellular stress. In cancer, exosomes contribute to angiogenesis, invasiveness, and immune evasion, acting as carriers of molecular constituents. Infectious diseases, particularly viral infections, result in the release of exosomes with unique cargoes, serving as potential indicators of infection. In the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, exosome cargoes act as biomarkers, influencing pathogenesis and facilitating disease transmission. Exosomes play significant roles in ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's), and prion diseases.Cardiac diseases involve exosomes in myocardial repair andendothelial cells communication. Atherosclerosis, characterized by plaque formation, involves exosomes in endothelial dysfunction, calcification, and pathological events. The dysregulation of exosome biogenesis contributes to vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.In this review, we rigorously examine the diverse roles of exosomes in pathological processes across various diseases. This thorough analysis is crucial for enhancing our understanding of advancing diagnostics, therapeutics, and overall comprehension of intercellular communication of exosome in both healthy and diseased conditions.