International Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences and Research

Category: Review Article,      DOI: Recived: 29/07/2024, Accepted: 23/09/2024, Published online: 28/09/2024

Prognostic Role of Noncoding RNAs in Ischemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke Injury

Dharmsheel Srivastava

Abstract:

A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is severe neurological loss due to central damage to the central nervous system. Which is classified as ischemia or bleeding Ischemic stroke, which blocks blood flow and results in rapid nerve death whereas haemorrhage causes blood vessels to rupture within minutes millions of nerve cells can die. The ischemic penumbra undergo secondary damage, which is influenced by inflammation and immune response. Protecting brain tissue and understanding the mechanisms of its recovery are important. But current treatment options are limited by insufficient knowledge about molecular changes during stroke. Recent advances in the study of noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), especially microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), highlight their important role in oxidative stress, which is a key factor in the development of cerebrovascular disease that is aggravated by reactive oxygen species, where specific ncRNAs show protective effects, and inflammation is mediated by the NFκB pathway is also regulated by ncRNAs, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets. Several ncRNAs have also been identified as biomarkers of ischemic stroke. This has an impact on diagnosis and response to treatment. This review highlights the diverse roles of ncRNAs in stroke, highlighting miRNAs such as miR-124 and lncRNAs such as MALAT1 as promising avenues for improving neuroprotection and promoting recovery. Future research aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network of ncRNAs and translate them into clinical applications for stroke management.