International Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences and Research

Category: Original Article,      DOI: Recived: 17/11/2024, Accepted: 22/12/2024, Published online: 30/12/2024

Trimester-Specific Variations in Hemoglobin Levels and Iron Parameters among Pregnant Women

Manisha Singh1, Mayurika Panwar2*

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 40% of pregnant women worldwide. Understanding trimester-specific patterns is crucial for targeted interventions and improved maternal-fetal outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care hospital, including 422 pregnant women aged 18-35 years. Participants were assessed for hemoglobin and iron status across three trimesters. Data collection included socio-demographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia increased significantly from first (33.9%) to third trimester (68.1%). Mean hemoglobin levels decreased progressively across trimesters (11.2±1.4 g/dL to 10.1±1.8 g/dL), with corresponding decreases in serum ferritin (32.4±8.6 ng/mL to 18.6±6.8 ng/mL). Significant risk factors included poor dietary iron intake (OR:3.42, 95%CI:2.18-5.36), short birth interval (OR:2.86, 95%CI:1.94-4.22), and rural residence (OR:1.98, 95%CI:1.32-2.96). Anemic women showed higher rates of preterm birth (14.6% vs 5.9%, p<0.001) and low birth weight (23.7% vs 11.1%, p<0.001) compared to non-anemic women. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a progressive increase in anemia prevalence across trimesters, with significant associations between maternal iron status and adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of early screening, regular monitoring, and targeted interventions for effective anemia management during pregnancy.